V2630. MISRA. Bit field should not be declared as a member of a union.

This diagnostic rule is based on the MISRA (Motor Industry Software Reliability Association) software development guidelines.

This diagnostic rule is relevant only for C.

A bit field should not be declared as a data member of a union. The way bit fields are stored in user-defined types is implementation-defined. If two bit fields with the same type are declared one after another, the compiler is not obligated to optimize their location in a single memory block. As a result, it is not clear which bits of a previously stored value the bit field will access.

The code example for which the analyzer issues warnings:

union U1
{
  int a : 8;     // <=
  int b;
};

union U2
{
  int a : 8;     // <=
  int b : 24;    // <=
};

The rule does not apply to subobjects within a union that are not themselves unions.

union U3
{
  struct
  {
    int a:4;
    int b:4;
  } c;
  int d;
};