# Another similar fragment: recordingsystem\.cpp 2671A Spin\-off: CryEngine 3 SDK Checked with PVS\-Studio We have finished a large comparison of the static code analyzers Cppcheck, PVS\-Studio and Visual Studio 2013's built\-in analyzer\. In the course of this investigation, we checked over 10 open\-source projects\. Some of them do deserve to be discussed specially\. In today's article, I'll tell you about the results of the check of the CryEngine 3 SDK project\. ![0240_CryEngineSDK/image1.png](https://import.viva64.com/docx/blog/0240_CryEngineSDK/image1.png) ## CryEngine 3 SDK Wikipedia: [CryEngine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CryEngine) 3 SDK is a toolset for developing computer games on the CryEngine 3 game engine\. CryEngine 3 SDK is developed and maintained by German company Crytek, the developer of the original engine CyrEngine 3\. CryEngine 3 SDK is a proprietary freeware development toolset anyone can use for non\-commercial game development\. For commercial game development exploiting CryEngine 3, developers have to pay royalties to Crytek\. ## PVS\-Studio Let's see if [PVS\-Studio](https://pvs-studio.com/en/pvs-studio/) has found any interesting bugs in this library\. True, PVS\-Studio catches a bit more bugs if you turn on the 3\-rd severity level diagnostics\. For example: ```cpp static void GetNameForFile( const char* baseFileName, const uint32 fileIdx, char outputName[512] ) { assert(baseFileName != NULL); sprintf( outputName, "%s_%d", baseFileName, fileIdx ); } ``` V576 Incorrect format\. Consider checking the fourth actual argument of the 'sprintf' function\. The SIGNED integer type argument is expected\. igame\.h 66 From the formal viewpoint, the programmer should have used "%u" to print the unsigned variable 'fileIdx'\. But I'm very doubtful that this variable will ever reach a value larger than INT\_MAX\. So this error will not cause any severe consequences\. ## Analysis results My brief comment on the analysis results is, developers should use static analysis\. There will be much fewer bugs in programs and I will drop writing articles like this one\. ### Double check ```cpp void CVehicleMovementArcadeWheeled::InternalPhysicsTick(float dt) { .... if (fabsf(m_movementAction.rotateYaw)>0.05f || vel.GetLengthSquared()>0.001f || m_chassis.vel.GetLengthSquared()>0.001f || angVel.GetLengthSquared()>0.001f || angVel.GetLengthSquared()>0.001f) .... } ``` [V501](https://pvs-studio.com/en/docs/warnings/v501/) There are identical sub\-expressions 'angVel\.GetLengthSquared\(\) \> 0\.001f' to the left and to the right of the '\|\|' operator\. vehiclemovementarcadewheeled\.cpp 3300 The "angVel\.GetLengthSquared\(\)\>0\.001f" check is executed twice\. One of them is redundant, or otherwise there is a typo in it which prevents some other value from being checked\. ### Identical code blocks under different conditions **Fragment No\. 1\.** ```cpp void CVicinityDependentObjectMover::HandleEvent(....) { .... else if ( strcmp(szEventName, "ForceToTargetPos") == 0 ) { SetState(eObjectRangeMoverState_MovingTo); SetState(eObjectRangeMoverState_Moved); ActivateOutputPortBool( "OnForceToTargetPos" ); } else if ( strcmp(szEventName, "ForceToTargetPos") == 0 ) { SetState(eObjectRangeMoverState_MovingTo); SetState(eObjectRangeMoverState_Moved); ActivateOutputPortBool( "OnForceToTargetPos" ); } .... } ``` [V517](https://pvs-studio.com/en/docs/warnings/v517/) The use of 'if \(A\) \{\.\.\.\} else if \(A\) \{\.\.\.\}' pattern was detected\. There is a probability of logical error presence\. Check lines: 255, 261\. vicinitydependentobjectmover\.cpp 255 I suspect that this piece of code was written through the Copy\-Paste technique\. And I also suspect that the programmer forgot to change some lines after the copying\. **Fragment** **No\.** **2\.** The ShouldGiveLocalPlayerHitableFeedbackOnCrosshairHoverForEntityClass\(\) function is implemented in a very strange way\. That's a real NAME\! ```cpp bool CGameRules:: ShouldGiveLocalPlayerHitableFeedbackOnCrosshairHoverForEntityClass (const IEntityClass* pEntityClass) const { assert(pEntityClass != NULL); if(gEnv->bMultiplayer) { return (pEntityClass == s_pSmartMineClass) || (pEntityClass == s_pTurretClass) || (pEntityClass == s_pC4Explosive); } else { return (pEntityClass == s_pSmartMineClass) || (pEntityClass == s_pTurretClass) || (pEntityClass == s_pC4Explosive); } } ``` [V523](https://pvs-studio.com/en/docs/warnings/v523/) The 'then' statement is equivalent to the 'else' statement\. gamerules\.cpp 5401 **Other similar defects:** * environmentalweapon\.cpp 964 * persistantstats\.cpp 610 * persistantstats\.cpp 714 * recordingsystem\.cpp 8924 * movementtransitions\.cpp 610 * gamerulescombicaptureobjective\.cpp 1692 * vehiclemovementhelicopter\.cpp 588 ### An uninitialized array cell ```cpp TDestructionEventId destructionEvents[2]; SDestructibleBodyPart() : hashId(0) , healthRatio(0.0f) , minHealthToDestroyOnDeathRatio(0.0f) { destructionEvents[0] = -1; destructionEvents[0] = -1; } ``` [V519](https://pvs-studio.com/en/docs/warnings/v519/) The 'destructionEvents\[0\]' variable is assigned values twice successively\. Perhaps this is a mistake\. Check lines: 75, 76\. bodydestruction\.h 76 The 'destructionEvents' array consists of two items\. The programmer wanted to initialize the array in the constructor, but failed\. ### A parenthesis in a wrong place ```cpp bool ShouldRecordEvent(size_t eventID, IActor* pActor=NULL) const; void CActorTelemetry::SubscribeToWeapon(EntityId weaponId) { .... else if(pMgr->ShouldRecordEvent(eSE_Weapon), pOwnerRaw) .... } ``` [V639](https://pvs-studio.com/en/docs/warnings/v639/) Consider inspecting the expression for 'ShouldRecordEvent' function call\. It is possible that one of the closing '\)' brackets was positioned incorrectly\. actortelemetry\.cpp 288 It's a rare and interesting bug \- a closing parenthesis is written in a wrong place\. The point is that the ShouldRecordEvent\(\) function's second argument is optional\. It turns that the ShouldRecordEvent\(\) function is called first, and then the comma operator ',' returns the value on the right\. The condition depends on the 'pOwnerRaw' variable alone\. Long story short, the whole thing is darn messed up here\. ### A function name missing ```cpp virtual void ProcessEvent(....) { .... string pMessage = ("%s:", currentSeat->GetSeatName()); .... } ``` [V521](https://pvs-studio.com/en/docs/warnings/v521/) Such expressions using the ',' operator are dangerous\. Make sure the expression '"%s:", currentSeat\-\>GetSeatName\(\)' is correct\. flowvehiclenodes\.cpp 662 In this fragment, the pMessage variable is assigned the value currentSeat\-\>GetSeatName\(\)\. No formatting is done, and it leads to missing the colon ':' in this line\. Though a trifle, it is still a bug\. The fixed code should look like this: ```cpp string pMessage = string().Format("%s:", currentSeat->GetSeatName()); ``` ### Senseless and pitiless checks **Fragment No\. 1\.** ```cpp inline bool operator != (const SEfResTexture &m) const { if (stricmp(m_Name.c_str(), m_Name.c_str()) != 0 || m_TexFlags != m.m_TexFlags || m_bUTile != m.m_bUTile || m_bVTile != m.m_bVTile || m_Filter != m.m_Filter || m_Ext != m.m_Ext || m_Sampler != m.m_Sampler) return true; return false; } ``` [V549](https://pvs-studio.com/en/docs/warnings/v549/) The first argument of 'stricmp' function is equal to the second argument\. ishader\.h 2089 If you haven't noticed the bug, I'll tell you\. The m\_Name\.c\_str\(\) string is compared to itself\. The correct code should look like this: ```cpp stricmp(m_Name.c_str(), m.m_Name.c_str()) ``` **Fragment** **No\.** **2\.** A logical error this time: ```cpp SearchSpotStatus GetStatus() const { return m_status; } SearchSpot* SearchGroup::FindBestSearchSpot(....) { .... if(searchSpot.GetStatus() != Unreachable || searchSpot.GetStatus() != BeingSearchedRightAboutNow) .... } ``` [V547](https://pvs-studio.com/en/docs/warnings/v547/) Expression is always true\. Probably the '&&' operator should be used here\. searchmodule\.cpp 469 The check in this code does not make any sense\. Here you are an analogy: ```cpp if (A != 1 || A != 2) ``` The condition is always true\. **Fragment No\. 3\.** ```cpp const CCircularBufferTimeline * CCircularBufferStatsContainer::GetTimeline( size_t inTimelineId) const { .... if (inTimelineId >= 0 && (int)inTimelineId < m_numTimelines) { tl = &m_timelines[inTimelineId]; } else { CryWarning(VALIDATOR_MODULE_GAME,VALIDATOR_ERROR, "Statistics event %" PRISIZE_T " is larger than the max registered of %" PRISIZE_T ", event ignored", inTimelineId,m_numTimelines); } .... } ``` [V547](https://pvs-studio.com/en/docs/warnings/v547/) Expression 'inTimelineId \>\= 0' is always true\. Unsigned type value is always \>\= 0\. circularstatsstorage\.cpp 31 **Fragment No\. 4\.** ```cpp inline typename CryStringT::size_type CryStringT::rfind( value_type ch, size_type pos ) const { const_str str; if (pos == npos) { .... } else { if (pos == npos) pos = length(); .... } ``` [V571](https://pvs-studio.com/en/docs/warnings/v571/) Recurring check\. The 'if \(pos \=\= npos\)' condition was already verified in line 1447\. crystring\.h 1453 The "pos \= length\(\)" assignment will never be executed\. **A similar defect:** cryfixedstring\.h 1297 ## Pointers Programmers are very fond of checking pointers for being null\. Wish they knew how often they do it wrong \- check when it's too late\. I'll cite only one example and give you a link to a file with the list of all the other samples\. ```cpp IScriptTable *p; bool Create( IScriptSystem *pSS, bool bCreateEmpty=false ) { if (p) p->Release(); p = pSS->CreateTable(bCreateEmpty); p->AddRef(); return (p)?true:false; } ``` [V595](https://pvs-studio.com/en/docs/warnings/v595/) The 'p' pointer was utilized before it was verified against nullptr\. Check lines: 325, 326\. scripthelpers\.h 325 **The list of other 35 messages I mentioned about:** [CryEngineSDK\-595\.txt](https://pvs-studio.com/external-pictures/txt/cryenginesdk-595.txt) ### Undefined behavior ```cpp void AddSample( T x ) { m_index = ++m_index % N; .... } ``` [V567](https://pvs-studio.com/en/docs/warnings/v567/) Undefined behavior\. The 'm\_index' variable is modified while being used twice between sequence points\. inetwork\.h 2303 ### One\-time loops ```cpp void CWeapon::AccessoriesChanged(bool initialLoadoutSetup) { .... for (int i = 0; i < numZoommodes; i++) { CIronSight* pZoomMode = .... const SZoomModeParams* pCurrentParams = .... const SZoomModeParams* pNewParams = .... if(pNewParams != pCurrentParams) { pZoomMode->ResetSharedParams(pNewParams); } break; } .... } ``` [V612](https://pvs-studio.com/en/docs/warnings/v612/) An unconditional 'break' within a loop\. weapon\.cpp 2854 The loop body will be executed only once because of the unconditional statement 'break', while there are no 'continue' operators around in this loop\. **We found a few more suspicious loops like that**: * gunturret\.cpp 1647 * vehiclemovementbase\.cpp 2362 * vehiclemovementbase\.cpp 2382 ### Strange assignments **Fragment No\. 1\.** ```cpp void CPlayerStateGround::OnPrePhysicsUpdate(....) { .... modifiedSlopeNormal.z = modifiedSlopeNormal.z; .... } ``` [V570](https://pvs-studio.com/en/docs/warnings/v570/) The 'modifiedSlopeNormal\.z' variable is assigned to itself\. playerstateground\.cpp 227 **Fragment No\. 2\.** ```cpp const SRWIParams& Init(....) { .... objtypes=ent_all; flags=rwi_stop_at_pierceable; org=_org; dir=_dir; objtypes=_objtypes; .... } ``` [V519](https://pvs-studio.com/en/docs/warnings/v519/) The 'objtypes' variable is assigned values twice successively\. Perhaps this is a mistake\. Check lines: 2807, 2808\. physinterface\.h 2808 The 'objtypes' class member is assigned values twice\. **Fragment No\. 3\.** ```cpp void SPickAndThrowParams::SThrowParams::SetDefaultValues() { .... maxChargedThrowSpeed = 20.0f; maxChargedThrowSpeed = 15.0f; } ``` [V519](https://pvs-studio.com/en/docs/warnings/v519/) The 'maxChargedThrowSpeed' variable is assigned values twice successively\. Perhaps this is a mistake\. Check lines: 1284, 1285\. weaponsharedparams\.cpp 1285 **A few more similar strange assignments**: * The 'bExecuteCommandLine' variable\. Check lines: 628, 630\. isystem\.h 630 * The 'flags' variable\. Check lines: 2807, 2808\. physinterface\.h 2808 * The 'entTypes' Variable\. Check lines: 2854, 2856\. physinterface\.h 2856 * The 'geomFlagsAny' variable\. Check lines: 2854, 2857\. physinterface\.h 2857 * The 'm\_pLayerEffectParams' variable\. Check lines: 762, 771\. ishader\.h 771 ### Careless entity names ```cpp void CGamePhysicsSettings::Debug(....) const { .... sprintf_s(buf, bufLen, pEntity->GetName()); .... } ``` [V618](https://pvs-studio.com/en/docs/warnings/v618/) It's dangerous to call the 'sprintf\_s' function in such a manner, as the line being passed could contain format specification\. The example of the safe code: printf\("%s", str\); gamephysicssettings\.cpp 174 It's not quite an error, but a dangerous code anyway\. Should the '%' character be used in an entity name, it may lead to absolutely unpredictable consequences\. ### Lone wanderer ```cpp CPersistantStats::SEnemyTeamMemberInfo *CPersistantStats::GetEnemyTeamMemberInfo(EntityId inEntityId) { .... insertResult.first->second.m_entityId; .... } ``` [V607](https://pvs-studio.com/en/docs/warnings/v607/) Ownerless expression 'insertResult\.first\-\>second\.m\_entityId'\. persistantstats\.cpp 4814 An alone standing expression doing nothing\. What is it? A bug? Incomplete code? **Another** **similar** **fragment:** recordingsystem\.cpp 2671 ### The new operator ```cpp bool CreateWriteBuffer(uint32 bufferSize) { FreeWriteBuffer(); m_pWriteBuffer = new uint8[bufferSize]; if (m_pWriteBuffer) { m_bufferSize = bufferSize; m_bufferPos = 0; m_allocated = true; return true; } return false; } ``` [V668](https://pvs-studio.com/en/docs/warnings/v668/) There is no sense in testing the 'm\_pWriteBuffer' pointer against null, as the memory was allocated using the 'new' operator\. The exception will be generated in the case of memory allocation error\. crylobbypacket\.h 88 The code is obsolete\. Nowadays, the 'new' operator throws an exception when a memory allocation error occurs\. **Other fragments in need of refactoring**: * cry\_math\.h 73 * datapatchdownloader\.cpp 106 * datapatchdownloader\.cpp 338 * game\.cpp 1671 * game\.cpp 4478 * persistantstats\.cpp 1235 * sceneblurgameeffect\.cpp 366 * killcamgameeffect\.cpp 369 * downloadmgr\.cpp 1090 * downloadmgr\.cpp 1467 * matchmakingtelemetry\.cpp 69 * matchmakingtelemetry\.cpp 132 * matchmakingtelemetry\.cpp 109 * telemetrycollector\.cpp 1407 * telemetrycollector\.cpp 1470 * telemetrycollector\.cpp 1467 * telemetrycollector\.cpp 1479 * statsrecordingmgr\.cpp 1134 * statsrecordingmgr\.cpp 1144 * statsrecordingmgr\.cpp 1267 * statsrecordingmgr\.cpp 1261 * featuretester\.cpp 876 * menurender3dmodelmgr\.cpp 1373 ## Conclusions No special conclusions\. But I wish I could check the CryEngine 3 engine itself, rather than CryEngine 3 SDK\. Guess how many bugs I could find there? May your code stay bugless\!